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Wind Surpasses Nuclear in China J. Matthew Roney www.earth-policy.org/data_highlights/2013/highlights35 |
Earth Policy Release
Data Highlight February 19, 2013 |
Wind has overtaken nuclear as an electricity source in China. In 2012, wind farms generated 2 percent more electricity than nuclear power plants did, a gap that will likely widen dramatically over the next few years as wind surges ahead. Since 2007, nuclear power generation has risen by 10 percent annually, compared with wind’s explosive growth of 80 percent per year. 
Before
the March 2011 nuclear disaster in Japan, China had 10,200 megawatts of
installed nuclear capacity. With 28,000 megawatts then under
construction at 29 nuclear reactors—19 of which had begun construction
since 2009—officials were confident China would reach 40,000 megawatts
of nuclear power by 2015 and perhaps 100,000 megawatts by 2020. The
government’s response to the Fukushima disaster, however, was to suspend
new reactor approvals and conduct a safety review of plants in
operation and under construction.
When
authorities finally lifted the moratorium on approvals in October 2012,
it was with the stipulation that going forward only “Generation-III”
models that meet stricter safety standards would be approved. China has
no experience in operating these more advanced models; several of the
Generation-III reactors it has currently under construction are already
facing delays due to post-Fukushima design changes or supply chain
issues.
Over
the course of 2011 and 2012, China connected four reactors with a
combined 2,600 megawatts of nuclear generating capacity, bringing its
total nuclear installations to 12,800 megawatts. Although officials
still claim that China will reach 40,000 megawatts of nuclear capacity
in 2015, the current pace of construction makes this appear increasingly
unlikely. China's inexperience with Generation-III reactors also casts
doubt on its prospects for achieving what the government now sees as a
more reasonable 2020 goal, some 70,000 megawatts.
The
outlook for wind in China is much more promising. Wind developers
connected 19,000 megawatts of wind power capacity to the grid during
2011 and 2012, and they are expected to add nearly this much in 2013
alone. An oft-cited problem for China’s wind energy sector has been the
inability of the country’s underdeveloped electrical grid to fully
accommodate fast-multiplying wind turbines in remote, wind-rich areas.
Recent efforts to expand and upgrade the grid have improved the
situation: by the end of 2012, 80 percent of China’s estimated 75,600
megawatts of wind capacity were grid-connected.
China should easily meet its official target of 100,000 megawatts of
grid-connected wind capacity by 2015. Looking further ahead, the Chinese
Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA) sees wind installations
soaring to at least 200,000 megawatts by 2020. With the seven massive
“Wind Base” mega-complexes now under construction in six
provinces—slated to total at least 138,000 megawatts when complete in
2020—the CREIA projection seems well within reach.
China’s
overall wind energy resource is staggering. Harvard researchers
estimate that China’s wind generation potential is 12 times larger than
its 2010 electricity consumption.
Wind
power clearly has its advantages. The immense wind resource cannot be
depleted; wind farms can be built quickly; they emit no
climate-destabilizing carbon; and no costly fuel imports are needed to
run them. (China spends billions of dollars each year importing most of
the uranium needed to fuel its reactors.) Wind power is also ideal for
countries such as China that face severe water shortages: unlike coal
and nuclear power plants, wind farms need no water for cooling. As
concerns about climate change and water scarcity mount, wind becomes
increasingly attractive compared to conventional electricity sources.
# # #
For more information, see Earth Policy Institute’s Wind Indicator and the Plan B Update “Fukushima Meltdown Hastens Decline of Nuclear Power,” or visit our Data Center at www.earth-policy.org .
Feel free to pass this information along to friends, family members, and colleagues! Media Contact: Reah Janise Kauffman (202) 496-9290 ext. 12 | rjk@earthpolicy.org Research Contact: J. Matthew Roney (202) 496-9290 ext. 17 | jmroney@earthpolicy.org | |
Earth Policy Institute 1350 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20036 | |
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